Ukuhlanza nokubulala amagciwane kwezinsimbi ngesikhathi sesiko lamaseli

Ukuhlanza nokubulala amagciwane kwezinsimbi ngesikhathi sesiko lamaseli

1. Ukugeza ingilazi

Ukubulala amagciwane kwe-glassware entsha

1. Gcoba ngamanzi ompompi ukuze ususe uthuli.

2. Ukomisa nokucwiliswa ku-hydrochloric acid: yomile kuhhavini, bese ucwilisa ku-5% uhlanza i-hydrochloric acid amahora angu-12 ukuze ususe ukungcola, umthofu, i-arsenic nezinye izinto.

3. Ukuxubha nokomisa: geza ngamanzi ompompi ngokushesha ngemva kwamahora angu-12, bese ukhuhla ngesihlanzi, geza ngamanzi ampompi bese womisa kuhhavini.

4. Ukukhetha nokuhlanza: cwilisa esixazululweni sokuhlanza (120g we-potassium dichromate: 200ml we-concentrated sulfuric acid: 1000ml wamanzi acwecwe) amahora angu-12, bese ukhipha izitsha ethangini le-asidi bese ugeza ngamanzi kampompi izikhathi ezingu-15, futhi ekugcineni bageze ngamanzi distilled izikhathi 3-5 futhi kabili amanzi distilled izikhathi 3.

5. Ukomisa nokupakisha: Ngemva kokuhlanza, yomise kuqala, bese uyifaka nge-kraft paper (iphepha elicwebezelayo).

6. Ukubulala amagciwane ngomfutho ophezulu: faka izitsha ezipakishiwe esitokisini esicindezelayo bese usimboza.Vula iswishi nevalve yokuphepha.Lapho isitimu sikhuphuka ngomugqa oqondile, vala i-valve yokuphepha.Lapho i-pointer ikhomba kumakhilogremu angu-15, yigcine imizuzu engu-20-30.

7. Ukomisa ngemva kokukhishwa kwamagciwane ngomfutho ophezulu

Ukubulala amagciwane kwe-glassware endala

1. Ukuxubha nokomisa: i-glassware esetshenzisiwe ingacwiliswa ngokuqondile kusixazululo se-lysol noma isixazululo se-detergent.I-glassware efakwe kwisisombululo se-lysol (i-detergent) kufanele ihlanzwe ngamanzi ahlanzekile bese yomiswa.

2. Ukukhetha nokuhlanzwa: cwilisa esixazululweni sokuhlanza (isixazululo se-asidi) ngemva kokoma, khipha izitsha ethangini le-asidi ngemva kwamahora angu-12, futhi ngokushesha uzigeze ngamanzi ompompi (ukuvimbela amaprotheni ukuthi anganamatheli engilazini ngemva kokoma), futhi bese uwageza ngamanzi a-distilled izikhathi ezingu-3.

3. Ukomisa nokupakisha: Ngemva kokoma, khipha izitsha ezihlanziwe bese usebenzisa i-kraft paper (iphepha elicwebezelayo) kanye nokunye ukupakisha ukuze kube lula ukubulawa kwamagciwane nokugcinwa futhi uvimbele uthuli nokuphinde ungcoliseke.

4. Ukubulala amagciwane ngomfutho ophezulu: faka izitsha ezipakishiwe esitokisini esinomfutho ophezulu, vala isivalo, vula iswishi kanye nevalvu yokuphepha, bese ivalvu yokuphepha ikhipha isitimu njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka.Lapho umusi ukhuphuka ngendlela eqondile imizuzu engu-3-5, vala i-valve yokuphepha, futhi inkomba ye-barometer izophakama.Lapho i-pointer ikhomba kumakhilogremu angu-15, lungisa inkinobho kagesi imizuzu engu-20-30.(Mboza ngobumnene isivalo senjoloba ngaphambi kokuvalwa kwebhodlela lengilazi yesiko)

5. Ukomiswa kokubekwe eceleni: Ngenxa yokuthi izitsha zizomanziswa isitimu ngemva kokukhishwa kwamagciwane ngomfutho ophezulu, kufanele zifakwe kuhhavini ukuze zomiswe ukuze zibekwe eceleni.

Ukuhlanza insimbi yensimbi

Izitsha zensimbi azikwazi ukucwiliswa ku-asidi.Lapho ziwashwa, zingagezwa nge-detergent kuqala, bese zigezwa ngamanzi ompompi, bese zisulwa ngotshwala obungama-75%, bese zigezwa ngamanzi ompompi, bese zomiswa ngamanzi a-distilled noma zomiswe emoyeni.Kufake ebhokisini le-aluminium, kupakishe esitokisini esinomfutho ophezulu, yifake inzalo ngamakhilogremu angu-15 okucindezela okukhulu (imizuzu engu-30), bese uyomisa ngokulinda.

Irabha namapulasitiki

Indlela evamile yokwelapha yenjoloba nemikhiqizo ukuyigeza nge-detergent, iwashe ngamanzi kampompi namanzi acwecwe ngokulandelana, bese uyomisa kuhhavini, bese wenza lezi zinqubo zokwelashwa ezilandelayo ngokwekhwalithi ehlukile:

1. Ikepisi lokuhlunga inaliti alikwazi ukucwiliswa esixazululweni se-asidi.Gcoba ku-NaOH amahora angu-6-12, noma ubilise imizuzu engu-20.Ngaphambi kokupakisha, faka izingcezu ezimbili zefilimu yokuhlunga.Naka uhlangothi olubushelelezi oluphezulu (i-concave side up) lapho ufaka ifilimu yokuhlunga.Bese ukhulula isikulufu kancane, usifake ebhokisini le-aluminium, usibulale amagciwane esitokisini esinomfutho ophezulu wamaphawundi angu-15 nemizuzu engu-30, bese usomisa ngokulinda.Qaphela ukuthi isikulufu kufanele siqiniswe ngokushesha lapho sikhishwa kuthebula elihlanzeke kakhulu.

2. Ngemva kokumisa isivalo senjoloba, sibilise ngesisombululo se-sodium hydroxide engu-2% imizuzu engu-30 (isivalo senjoloba esisetshenzisiwe kufanele siphathwe ngamanzi abilayo imizuzu engu-30), sigeze ngamanzi ompompi bese somisa.Bese ucwilisa isisombululo se-hydrochloric acid imizuzu engu-30, bese ugeza ngamanzi ampompi, amanzi ahlanjululwe ngamanzi ane-steam emithathu, bese usula.Okokugcina, yifake ebhokisini le-aluminium ukuze kubulawe amagciwane ngomfutho ophezulu nokomisa kokubekwe eceleni.

3. Ngemuva kokumisa, i-cap ye-rubber kanye ne-centrifugal pipe cap ingacwiliswa kuphela ku-2% yesisombululo se-sodium hydroxide amahora angu-6-12 (khumbula ukuthi ungabi yinde kakhulu), igezwe futhi yomiswe ngamanzi ompompi.Bese ucwilisa isisombululo se-hydrochloric acid imizuzu engu-30, bese ugeza ngamanzi ampompi, amanzi ahlanjululwe ngamanzi ane-steam emithathu, bese usula.Okokugcina, yifake ebhokisini le-aluminium ukuze kubulawe amagciwane ngomfutho ophezulu nokomisa kokubekwe eceleni.

4. Ikhanda lenjoloba lingacwiliswa ku-75% utshwala imizuzu engu-5, bese lisetshenziswa ngemva kwemisebe ye-ultraviolet.

5. Ibhodlela lamasiko epulasitiki, ipuleti lesiko, ishubhu yokugcina eqandisiwe.

6. Ezinye izindlela zokubulala amagciwane: ezinye izinto azikwazi ukuvalwa inzalo zome noma zifakwe inzalo ngesitimu, futhi zingavalwa ngokucwiliswa ku-70% wotshwala.Vula isivalo sesitsha sepulastiki, usibeke phezu kwetafula elihlanzeke kakhulu, bese usichaya ngokuqondile ekukhanyeni kwe-ultraviolet ukuze kubulawe amagciwane.I-ethylene oxide ingasetshenziswa futhi ukukhipha amagciwane emikhiqizweni yepulasitiki.Kuthatha amaviki angu-2-3 ukugeza i-ethylene oxide esele ngemva kokukhishwa kwamagciwane.Umphumela omuhle kakhulu uwukukhipha amagciwane imikhiqizo yepulasitiki ngemisebe engu-20000-100000rad r.Ukuze uvimbele ukudideka phakathi kwemishini yokuhlanza efakwe isibulala-magciwane kanye nengafakwanga amagciwane, ukupakishwa kwephepha kungamakwa ngoyinki osondelene.Indlela iwukusebenzisa ipeni lamanzi noma ibhulashi lokubhala ukuze ucwilise kuyinki we-steganographic futhi wenze uphawu ephepheni lokupakisha.Ngokuvamile uyinki awunawo umkhondo.Uma izinga lokushisa seliphezulu, kuzovela umbhalo wesandla, ukuze kutholakale ukuthi azinamagciwane yini.Ukulungiswa koyinki we-steganographic: 88ml amanzi acwecwe, 2g idayimane elicwebile (CoC126H2O), kanye no-10ml ka-30% we-hydrochloric acid.