Iziqukathi zepulasitiki ezivame ukusetshenziswa elabhorethri zifaka amabhodlela ezinto ezisetshenziswayo, amashubhu okuhlola, amakhanda okumunca, utshani, izinkomishi zokulinganisa, amasilinda okulinganisa, amasirinji alahlwayo namapayipi.Imikhiqizo yepulasitiki inezici zokwakheka okulula, ukucubungula okulula, ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwenhlanzeko kanye nentengo ephansi.Kancane kancane zishintsha imikhiqizo yengilazi futhi zisetshenziswa kabanzi ocwaningweni lwesayensi, ekufundiseni nakweminye imikhakha.
Izinhlobo zemikhiqizo yepulasitiki evame ukusetshenziswa kuma-laboratories
Ingxenye eyinhloko yamapulasitiki yi-resin, ene-plasticizers, fillers, lubricant, colorants nezinye izithasiselo njengezingxenye ezisizayo.Imikhiqizo yepulasitiki enezakhiwo ezahlukene inezakhiwo ezahlukene.Imikhiqizo yepulasitiki engazweli ezintweni zebhayoloji, njenge-polyethylene, i-polypropylene, i-polymethylpentene, i-polycarbonate, i-polystyrene ne-polytetrafluoroethylene, ngokuvamile ikhethelwa amalabhorethri.Ama-reagents amakhemikhali angathinta amandla emishini, ubulukhuni, ukuphela kwendawo, umbala nosayizi wemikhiqizo yepulasitiki.Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza komkhiqizo ngamunye wepulasitiki kufanele kuqondwe ngokugcwele lapho kukhethwa imikhiqizo yepulasitiki.
Ingxenye eyinhloko yamapulasitiki yi-resin, ene-plasticizers, fillers, lubricant, colorants nezinye izithasiselo njengezingxenye ezisizayo.Imikhiqizo yepulasitiki enezakhiwo ezahlukene inezakhiwo ezahlukene.Imikhiqizo yepulasitiki engazweli ezintweni zebhayoloji, njenge-polyethylene, i-polypropylene, i-polymethylpentene, i-polycarbonate, i-polystyrene ne-polytetrafluoroethylene, ngokuvamile ikhethelwa amalabhorethri.Ama-reagents amakhemikhali angathinta amandla emishini, ubulukhuni, ukuphela kwendawo, umbala nosayizi wemikhiqizo yepulasitiki.Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza komkhiqizo ngamunye wepulasitiki kufanele kuqondwe ngokugcwele lapho kukhethwa imikhiqizo yepulasitiki.
1. I-polyethylene (PE)
Ukuzinza kwamakhemikhali kuhle, kodwa izokwenziwa i-oxidized futhi ibe brittle lapho ihlangabezana ne-oxidant;Ayincibiliki ku-solvent ezingeni lokushisa lasekamelweni, kodwa izothamba noma inwebe uma kwenzeka i-solvent ebolayo;Impahla ehlanzekile iyona engcono kakhulu.Ngokwesibonelo, amanzi distilled asetshenziselwa isiko medium ngokuvamile agcinwe emabhodleleni polyethylene.
2. I-Polypropylene (PP)
Ifana ne-PE ngesakhiwo kanye nokusebenza okuhlanzekile, imhlophe futhi ayinambitheki, inomthamo omncane, futhi iyona elula kunazo zonke phakathi kwamapulasitiki.Iyakwazi ukumelana nokucindezela okuphezulu, inyibilika ekamelweni lokushisa, ayisebenzi ngemidiya eminingi, kodwa izwela kakhulu kuma-oxidants aqinile kune-PE, ayimelani nezinga lokushisa eliphansi, futhi ibuthakathaka ku-0 ℃.
3. I-Polymethylpentene (PMP)
Okungafihli, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu (150 ℃, 175 ℃ isikhathi esifushane);Ukumelana namakhemikhali kusondele ku-PP, ethambisa kalula ngama-solvents ane-chlorine nama-hydrocarbons, futhi i-oxidized kalula kune-PP;Ubulukhuni obuphezulu, ukuqina okuphezulu kanye nobuthakathaka ekamelweni lokushisa.
4. I-Polycarbonate (PC)
Ibonisa ngale, iqinile, ayinabo ubuthi, ingcindezi ephezulu kanye nokumelana nowoyela.Ingasabela ngotshwala be-alkali kanye ne-sulfuric acid egxilile, i-hydrolyze futhi incibilike kuzinyibilikisi zemvelo ezihlukahlukene ngemva kokushisisa.Ingasetshenziswa njengeshubhu le-centrifuge ukuvala inzalo yonke inqubo ebhokisini lokuvala inzalo ye-ultraviolet.
5. I-Polystyrene (PS)
Ayinambala, ayinambitheki, ayinabuthi, isobala, futhi yemvelo.Ukumelana ne-solvent ebuthakathaka, amandla aphansi emishini, ayaphuka, kulula ukuqhekeka, ukumelana nokushisa, ukuvutha.Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukwenza izinto zokwelapha ezilahlwayo.
6. I-Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTEE)
Okumhlophe, okukhanyayo, okungagugi, okuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza amapulaki ahlukahlukene.
7. I-Polyethylene terephthalate G copolymer (PETG)
Esobala, eqinile, engenawo umoya, futhi ayinabo ubuthi bebhaktheriya, isetshenziswa kakhulu kusiko lwamaseli, njengokwenza amabhodlela e-cell culture;Amakhemikhali erediyo angasetshenziswa ukuze kubulawe amagciwane, kodwa ukukhishwa kwamagciwane ngomfutho ophezulu akukwazi ukusetshenziswa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-27-2022